Constructs · RelaScale

Appreciation (2)

Attachment Anxiety (4)

Attachment Avoidance (4)

Attraction (1)

Autonomous Motivation for Romantic Pursuit Scale

MacDonald, G., Thapar, S., Ryan, W. S., Chung, J. M., Hoan, E., & Park, Y. (2026). Why do you want a romantic relationship? Individual differences in motives for romantic relationship pursuit. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 52(8), 2230 - 2246.

Relationship GoalsMotivationExpected SatisfactionSatisfaction With Relationship StatusAttraction

Bisexual Myths (1)

Bisexual Myths Scale (Bisex-M)

Zurnacı, B., & Toplu Demirtaş, E. (2025). “Bisexuals are just greedy!”: Developing the Bisexual Myths Scale and testing its preliminary psychometrics in heterosexual and bisexual+ samples. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-025-01252-y

Bisexual MythsInternalized Bisexual Myths

Breakup Strategies (2)

Capitalization (1)

Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts Scale

Gable, S. L., Reis, H. T., Impett, E. A., & Asher, E. R. (2004). What do you do when things go right? The intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits of sharing positive events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87 (2), 228–245. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.228

Capitalization

Caregiving (1)

Brief Experience of Caregiving Inventory

O'Driscoll, C., Farrelly, S., Burgess, P., Szmukler, G., & Shaikh, M. (2018). The development and validation of the Brief Experience of Caregiving Inventory (BECI). Comprehensive Psychiatry, 86, 54-59. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.07.003.

Caregiving

Closeness (2)

Cohesion (1)

Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS)

Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads. Journal of Marriage and Family, 38(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.2307/350547

SatisfactionAffectionConsensusCohesionRelationship Quality

Commitment (6)

Communal Strength (1)

Communal Strength Scale

Mills, J., Clark, M. S., Ford, T. E., & Johnson, M. (2004). Measurement of communal strength. Personal Relationships, 11(2), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00079.x

Communal Strength

Communication (7)

Compassionate Love (1)

Compassionate Love Scale

Sprecher, S., & Fehr, B. (2005). Compassionate love for close others and humanity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(5), 629-651. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407505056439

LoveCompassionate Love

Conflict (2)

Consensus (1)

Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS)

Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads. Journal of Marriage and Family, 38(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.2307/350547

SatisfactionAffectionConsensusCohesionRelationship Quality

Constraint Commitment (1)

Revised Commitment Inventory

Owen, J., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2011). The Revised Commitment Inventory: Psychometrics and use with unmarried couples. Journal of Family Issues, 32(6), 820–841. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10385788

CommitmentInvestmentQuality of AlternativesDedication CommitmentConstraint Commitment

Dating Violence Myths (1)

Dating Violence Myths (DaVi-M)

Toplu-Demirtaş, E., Soysal, D. E., Aracı-İyiaydın, A., & Mesut, C. (2023). Making the Myths of Dating Violence Visible: Developing a New Scale and Testing Its Psychometrics Through Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(13-14), 8136-8161. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605231153890

Dating Violence Myths

Dedication Commitment (1)

Revised Commitment Inventory

Owen, J., Rhoades, G. K., Stanley, S. M., & Markman, H. J. (2011). The Revised Commitment Inventory: Psychometrics and use with unmarried couples. Journal of Family Issues, 32(6), 820–841. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X10385788

CommitmentInvestmentQuality of AlternativesDedication CommitmentConstraint Commitment

Disclosure (1)

Social Media Launch Disclosure

Alley, E. (2026). Soft launch, hard feelings?: Intentional disclosure in Instagram relationship launches predicts investment model variables. Southern Communication Journal 91(2), 119-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794X.2025.2591642

Relationship GoalsDisclosure

Disillusionment (1)

Relationship Disillusionment Scale

Niehuis, S., & Bartell, D. (2006). The Marital Disillusionment Scale: Development and psychometric properties. North American Journal of Psychology, 8(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.1037/t42162-000

Disillusionment

Divorce Proneness (1)

Marital Instability Index

Edwards, J. N., Johnson, D. R., & Booth, A. (1987). Coming apart: A prognostic instrument of marital breakup. Family Relations, 36(2), 168–170. https://doi.org/10.2307/583948

Marital InstabilityDivorce Proneness

Dyadic Coping (2)

Dyadic Coping Based Gratitude (1)

Dyadic Coping Based Gratitude Questionnaire (DC-GQ)

Shujja, S., Bodenmann, G., Randall, A. K., Adil, A., & Malik, F. (2022). Development and Validation of the Dyadic Coping Based Gratitude Questionnaire (DC-GQ). Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 32(2), 128.

Dyadic CopingDyadic Coping Based GratitudeAppreciation

Expected Alternatives (1)

Expected Interdependence Scale

Baker, L. R., McNulty, J. K., Brady, A., & Montalvo, S. (2020). A new measure of expected relationship satisfaction, alternatives, and investments supports the expectations of interdependence model. In L. E. VanderDrift, C. R. Agnew, & X. B. Arriaga (Eds.), Interdependence, Interaction, and Close Relationships (Advances in Personal Relationships). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Expected SatisfactionExpected AlternativesExpected InvestmentRelationship ExpectationsSatisfactionQuality of AlternativesInvestmentInterdependence

Expected Investment (1)

Expected Interdependence Scale

Baker, L. R., McNulty, J. K., Brady, A., & Montalvo, S. (2020). A new measure of expected relationship satisfaction, alternatives, and investments supports the expectations of interdependence model. In L. E. VanderDrift, C. R. Agnew, & X. B. Arriaga (Eds.), Interdependence, Interaction, and Close Relationships (Advances in Personal Relationships). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Expected SatisfactionExpected AlternativesExpected InvestmentRelationship ExpectationsSatisfactionQuality of AlternativesInvestmentInterdependence

Expected Satisfaction (2)

Fear of Being Single (1)

Fear of Being Single Scale (FOBS)

Spielmann, S. S., MacDonald, G., Maxwell, J. A., Joel, S., Peragine, D., Muise, A., & Impett, E. A. (2013). Settling for less out of fear of being single. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(6), 1049-1073. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034628

Fear of Being Single

Financial Socialization (1)

Parent Financial Socialization Scale

LeBaron-Black, A. B., Curran, M. A., Hill, E. J., Freeh, M. E., Toomey, R. B., & Speirs, K. E. (2022). Parent Financial Socialization Scale: Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Family Psychology, 36(6), 943–953. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000927

Financial Socialization

Gaslighting (1)

The Gaslighting Relationship Exposure Inventory (GREI)

Tager-Shafrir, T., Szepsenwol, O., Dvir, M., & Zamir, O. (2024). The gaslighting relationship exposure inventory: Reliability and validity in two cultures. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 41(10), 3123–3146. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075241266942

Gaslighting

Group-Oriented Friendship (1)

Friendship Habits Questionnaire

Howlett, P., Baysu, G., Atkinson, A. P., Jungert, T., & Rychlowska, M. (2023). Friendship habits questionnaire: A measure of group-versus dyadic-oriented socializing styles. Plos one, 18(6), e0285767.

Group-Oriented Friendship

Implicit Theories (1)

Implicit Theories Of Relationships

Knee, C. R., Patrick, H., & Lonsbary, C. (2003). Implicit theories of relationships: Orientations toward evaluation and cultivation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0701_3

Relationship BeliefsImplicit Theories

Insensitivity (1)

Perceived Responsiveness and Insensitivity Scale

Crasta, D., Rogge, R. D., Maniaci, M. R., & Reis, H. T. (2021). Toward an optimized measure of perceived partner responsiveness: Development and validation of the Perceived Responsiveness and Insensitivity Scale. Psychological Assessment, 33(4), 338-355. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000986

ResponsivenessInsensitivity

Interdependence (2)

Internalized Bisexual Myths (1)

Bisexual Myths Scale (Bisex-M)

Zurnacı, B., & Toplu Demirtaş, E. (2025). “Bisexuals are just greedy!”: Developing the Bisexual Myths Scale and testing its preliminary psychometrics in heterosexual and bisexual+ samples. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-025-01252-y

Bisexual MythsInternalized Bisexual Myths

Intimacy (5)

Intimate Partner Violence (1)

Conflict Tactics Scales - Revised (CTS2)

Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. B. (1996). The revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues, 17 (3), 283–316. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251396017003001

Intimate Partner Violence

Investment (5)

Love (8)

Maintenance (1)

Braiker & Kelley Relationship Questionnaire

Braiker, H., Kelley, H., Burgess, R., & Huston, T. (1979). Social exchange and developing relationships. In R. Burgess & T. Huston (Eds.), Social exchange in developing relationships (pp. 135–168). Academic Press.

LoveConflictAmbivalenceMaintenanceRelationship Quality

Marital Instability (1)

Marital Instability Index

Edwards, J. N., Johnson, D. R., & Booth, A. (1987). Coming apart: A prognostic instrument of marital breakup. Family Relations, 36(2), 168–170. https://doi.org/10.2307/583948

Marital InstabilityDivorce Proneness

Mate Retention Tactics (1)

Mate Retention Inventory - Short Form

Buss, D. M., Shackelford, T. K., & McKibbin, W. F. (2008). The mate retention inventory-short form (MRI-SF). Personality and Individual Differences, 44(1), 322-334.

Relationship BehaviorsMate Retention Tactics

Motivation (4)

Normative Attachment (1)

Attachment Features and Functions

Tancredy, C. M., & Fraley, R. C. (2006). The nature of adult twin relationships: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.78

Normative AttachmentSafe HavenSecure BaseProximity-Seeking

Passion (4)

Perceived Partner Infidelity (1)

Partner Intentions Towards Infidelity Scale (P-ITIS)

Toplu-Demirtaş, E., Akcabozan-Kayabol, N. B., Araci-Iyiaydin, A., & Fincham, F. D. (2022). Unraveling the Roles of Distrust, Suspicion of Infidelity, and Jealousy in Cyber Dating Abuse Perpetration: An Attachment Theory Perspective. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(3-4), NP1432-NP1462. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520927505

Perceived Partner Infidelity

Perceived Support (1)

Perceived Emotional Support and Judgment Scale

Zhao, Y., Sisson, N. M., Pringle, V., Smith, A. M., Long, E. U., Elsaadawy, N., Carlson, E., & Ford, B. Q. (2026). Managing loved ones' emotions: The promise and pitfalls of reappraisal. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 10.1037/emo0001648. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001648

CommunicationRelationship BehaviorsSupport-SeekingPerceived Support

Perceptions of Dating Violence (1)

Perceptions of Dating Violence Scale (PDVS)

Toplu-Demirtaş, E., Öztemür, G., & Fincham, F. D. (2022). Perceptions of Dating Violence: Assessment and Antecedents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(1-2), NP48-NP75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520914558

Perceptions of Dating Violence

Power (1)

Relationship Power Inventory

Farrell, A. K., Simpson, J. A., & Rothman, A. J. (2015). The relationship power inventory: Development and validation. Personal Relationships, 22(3), 387-413. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12072

Power

Proximity-Seeking (1)

Attachment Features and Functions

Tancredy, C. M., & Fraley, R. C. (2006). The nature of adult twin relationships: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.78

Normative AttachmentSafe HavenSecure BaseProximity-Seeking

Public Displays of Affection (1)

Comfort with PDA

Buck, A., Lange, K.M., Sackett, K., & Edlund, J. E. (2019). Reactions to Homosexual, Transsexual, and Heterosexual Public Displays of Affection. Journal of Positive Sexuality, 5(2), 34-47.

AffectionIntimacyPublic Displays of Affection

Quality of Alternatives (4)

Relationship Behaviors (5)

Relationship Beliefs (1)

Implicit Theories Of Relationships

Knee, C. R., Patrick, H., & Lonsbary, C. (2003). Implicit theories of relationships: Orientations toward evaluation and cultivation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0701_3

Relationship BeliefsImplicit Theories

Relationship Expectations (1)

Expected Interdependence Scale

Baker, L. R., McNulty, J. K., Brady, A., & Montalvo, S. (2020). A new measure of expected relationship satisfaction, alternatives, and investments supports the expectations of interdependence model. In L. E. VanderDrift, C. R. Agnew, & X. B. Arriaga (Eds.), Interdependence, Interaction, and Close Relationships (Advances in Personal Relationships). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Expected SatisfactionExpected AlternativesExpected InvestmentRelationship ExpectationsSatisfactionQuality of AlternativesInvestmentInterdependence

Relationship Goals (3)

Relationship Quality (8)

Responsiveness (2)

Sacrifice (2)

Safe Haven (1)

Attachment Features and Functions

Tancredy, C. M., & Fraley, R. C. (2006). The nature of adult twin relationships: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.78

Normative AttachmentSafe HavenSecure BaseProximity-Seeking

Satisfaction (10)

Satisfaction With Relationship Status (2)

Secure Base (1)

Attachment Features and Functions

Tancredy, C. M., & Fraley, R. C. (2006). The nature of adult twin relationships: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.78

Normative AttachmentSafe HavenSecure BaseProximity-Seeking

Self-Change (1)

Relational Self-Change Scale

Mattingly, B. A., Lewandowski, G. W., Jr., & McIntyre, K. P. (2014). “You make me a better/worse person”: A two-dimensional model of relationship self-change. Personal Relationships, 21, 176-190. doi: 10.1111/pere.12025

Self-ExpansionSelf-Change

Self-Expansion (2)

Sentiment (1)

Pseudo Scale

Joel, S., Sakaluk, J. K., Kim, J. J., Khera, D., Qin, H. Y., & Stanton, S. C. E. (2025). Pseudo effects: How method biases can produce spurious findings about close relationships. Psychological Science, 36(10), 780–795. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976251370262

Sentiment

Sexual Behaviors (1)

Sexual Behavioral System Subgoals

Birnbaum, G. E., & Gillath, O. (2006). Measuring subgoals of the sexual behavioral system: What is sex good for? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 23, 675-701.

Sexual Behaviors

Sexual Boredom (1)

Sexual Boredom Inventory

de Oliveira, L., Rahm-Knigge, R., Ford, J., Coleman, E., & Mark, K. (2025). Sexual Boredom Inventory (SBI): Development and Initial Validation. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 51(1), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2024.2442944

Sexual Boredom

Sexual Consent Myths (1)

Sexual Consent Myths Scale (Sex-M)

Toplu-Demirtaş, E., & Aracı-İyiaydın, A. (2026). Rethinking sexual consent myths: Development and validation of the sexual consent myths scale (Sex-M). Sex Roles. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-026-01652-3

Sexual Consent Myths

Sexual Motives (1)

Approach Avoidance Sexual Motives

Impett, E. A., Gable, S. L., & Peplau, L. A. (2005). Giving up and giving in: The costs and benefits of daily sacrifice in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89 (3), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.3.327

MotivationSexual Motives

Construct Index

A

Affection (4)

Alienation (1)

Ambivalence (1)

Appreciation (2)

Attachment Anxiety (4)

Attachment Avoidance (4)

Attraction (1)

B

Bisexual Myths (1)

Breakup Strategies (2)

C

Capitalization (1)

Caregiving (1)

Closeness (2)

Cohesion (1)

Commitment (6)

Communal Strength (1)

Communication (7)

Compassionate Love (1)

Conflict (2)

Consensus (1)

Constraint Commitment (1)

D

Dating Violence Myths (1)

Dedication Commitment (1)

Disclosure (1)

Disillusionment (1)

Divorce Proneness (1)

Dyadic Coping (2)

Dyadic Coping Based Gratitude (1)

E

Expected Alternatives (1)

Expected Investment (1)

Expected Satisfaction (2)

F

Fear of Being Single (1)

Financial Socialization (1)

G

Gaslighting (1)

Group-Oriented Friendship (1)

I

Implicit Theories (1)

Insensitivity (1)

Interdependence (2)

Internalized Bisexual Myths (1)

Intimacy (5)

Intimate Partner Violence (1)

Investment (5)

L

Love (8)

M

Maintenance (1)

Marital Instability (1)

Mate Retention Tactics (1)

Motivation (4)

N

Normative Attachment (1)

P

Passion (4)

Perceived Partner Infidelity (1)

Perceived Support (1)

Perceptions of Dating Violence (1)

Power (1)

Proximity-Seeking (1)

Public Displays of Affection (1)

Q

Quality of Alternatives (4)

R

Relationship Behaviors (5)

Relationship Beliefs (1)

Relationship Expectations (1)

Relationship Goals (3)

Relationship Quality (8)

Responsiveness (2)

S

Sacrifice (2)

Safe Haven (1)

Satisfaction (10)